The initial stage of periodontal disease is gingivitis, marked by inflammation of the gums. It is often characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding during brudhing and flossing.

Gingivitis is primarily caused by the accumulation of plaque -a sticky film of bacteria - on teeth. If not removed through regular oral hygiene practices, it can lead to further complications.

Untreated gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, where inflammation extends deeper into the suporting structures of the teeth, including the bone.

Periodontitis is associated with gradual loss of bone supporting the teeth. This can lead to tooth mobility and, in severe cases, tooth loss.

The presence of bacteria in the pockets formed during periodontal disease contributes to persistent bad breath, even with regular oral hygiene.